Applications of nucleotides in molecular diagnostics:

 

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): PCR is a fundamental technique that amplifies specific DNA regions. It utilizes nucleotides as substrates for DNA polymerase enzymes, which synthesize complementary DNA strands to the target sequence. By repeatedly cycling through heating, annealing, and extension steps, PCR exponentially increases the amount of target DNA, enabling its detection and analysis. 

 

Nucleic Acid Hybridization: This technique relies on the specific base pairing between complementary nucleotide sequences. Single-stranded DNA probes, containing nucleotides complementary to the target sequence, are used to identify and bind to specific DNA or RNA molecules in a sample. The probes can be labelled with fluorescent dyes or other detectable markers, allowing visualization and quantification of the target molecules.

 

Sanger Sequencing: This traditional DNA sequencing method utilizes dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs), modified nucleotides that lack a 3'-hydroxyl group essential for further phosphodiester bond formation. By incorporating ddNTPs during DNA synthesis, the chain extension terminates at specific points, revealing the sequence of the DNA strand.

 

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): NGS technologies employ sequencing-by-synthesis approaches. Nucleotides labelled with fluorescent dyes are sequentially incorporated into growing DNA strands. The detection of each incorporated nucleotide allows for the identification of the corresponding base in the target sequence. NGS offers high-throughput sequencing of entire genomes or targeted regions, aiding in genetic analysis, variant detection, and personalized medicine.

 

In Situ Hybridization (ISH): This technique involves hybridizing probes directly to cells or tissues fixed on slides. By employing nucleotide probes specific for a particular gene or mRNA, ISH enables the visualization of gene expression patterns within cells or tissues.

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R1331.svg

ATP 100mM solution

目录号: R1331
分子式: C10H13N5Na3O13P3
CAS 号: 987-65-5
R2331.svg

GTP 100mM solution

目录号: R2331
分子式: C10H13N5Na3O14P3
CAS 号: 36051-31-7
R3331.svg

CTP 100mM solution

目录号: R3331
分子式: C9H13N3Na3O14P3
CAS 号: 123334-07-6
R5331.svg

UTP 100mM solution

目录号: R5331
分子式: C9H12N2Na3O15P3
CAS 号: 19817-92-6
R6331.svg

ITP 100mM solution

目录号: R6331
分子式: C10H12N4Na3O14P3
CAS 号: 35908-31-7
RN31.svg

NTP 25mM Mix

目录号: RN31
D1331.svg

dATP, 100mM solution

目录号: D1331
分子式: C10H13N5Na3O12P3
CAS 号: 1927-31-7
D2331.svg

dGTP, 100mM solution

目录号: D2331
分子式: C10H13N5Na3O13P3
CAS 号: 93919-41-6
D3331.svg

dCTP, 100mM solution

目录号: D3331
分子式: C9H13N3Na3O13P3
CAS 号: 102783-51-7
D4331.svg

dTTP, 100mM solution

目录号: D4331
分子式: C10H14N2Na3O14P3
CAS 号: 18423-43-3
D5331.svg

dUTP, 100mM solution

目录号: D5331
分子式: C9H12N2Na3O14P3
CAS 号: 102814-08-4
D6331.svg

dITP 100mM

目录号: D6331
分子式: C10H12N4Na3O13P3
CAS 号: 95648-77-4
DN34.svg

dNTP 2.5mM Mix

目录号: DN34
DN31.svg

dNTP 10mM Mix

目录号: DN31
DN32.svg

dNTP 25mM Mix

目录号: DN32
R5-027.svg

N1-Me-pUTP, 100mM solution

目录号: R5-027
分子式: C10H14N2Na3O15P3
R3-017.svg

2'-O-Me-CTP, 100mM Lithium Salt Solution

目录号: R3-017
分子式: C10H15Li3N3O14P3
R2-011.svg

2'-O-Me-GTP, 100mM Lithium Salt Solution

目录号: R2-011
分子式: C11H15Li3N5O14P3
R5-016.svg

2'-O-Me-UTP, 100mM Lithium Salt Solution

目录号: R5-016
分子式: C10H14Li3N2O15P3
R5-022.svg

pUTP, 100mM solution

目录号: R5-022
分子式: C9H12N2Na3O15P3
CAS 号: 1175-34-4 (free acid)