Enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate specific chemical reactions in a cell. In molecular diagnostics, they are used in various applications such as:
Nucleic Acid Amplification: Enzymes like DNA polymerases are crucial for techniques like PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), which amplifies specific DNA sequences for detection.
Restriction Digestion: Restriction enzymes cleave DNA at specific recognition sequences, creating fragments used for analysis in techniques like gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting.
Ligation: Ligases join DNA fragments, used in cloning and DNA modification techniques.
Probe Digestion: Enzymes can digest probes used in diagnostic assays after they hybridize to their target molecules.
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